¿Qué es un tubo de calor? ¿Qué es una cámara de vapor (VC)? Son componentes ampliamente utilizados en productos electrónicos de alta potencia o alta integración. Cuando se utilizan correctamente, se pueden entender simplemente como componentes con una conductividad térmica muy alta. Es fácil comprender que los tubos de calor y las cámaras de vapor pueden eliminar eficazmente la resistencia térmica por difusión.
Palabras clave
Tubo de calor
Cámara de vapor
Contenido del artículo
The most common application example of heat pipe is embedded in the heat sink, the heat of the chip fully spread on the radiator substrate or fin. When the heat emitted by the chip is transferred to the radiator through the heat-conducting interface material, the heat can be transmitted along the heat pipe with very low thermal resistance due to the high thermal conductivity of the heat pipe. In this case, the heat pipe is connected to the radiator fin, so that the heat can be more effectively dissipated through the radiator into the air. For the heat sink embedded only in the substrate, when the heating area of the chip is relatively small, it is directly transferred to the substrate of the radiator, which will make the temperature distribution of the substrate have a large non-uniformity. After the addition of heat pipes, due to the high thermal conductivity of heat pipes, it can effectively reduce the uneven temperature and improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat sink.
Heat pipe and VC have high equivalent thermal conductivity because their internal heat transfer mechanism is phase transformation heat. From the range of surface heat transfer coefficient, it can be seen that the phase transformation heat is the most efficient convective heat transfer. In heat pipe or VC, boiling heat transfer is carried out in the evaporation section, and steam condensation is carried out in the condensation section.
The most important performance indexes of heat pipe and VC are the maximum heat transfer Qmax, thermal resistance R and starting temperature T0. Defined respectively as follows: maximum heat transfer rate Qmax: the calorific value of Qmax value equal to the following situation: heat pipe evaporation or VC joint calorific value of Q fever source, the measured temperature difference between evaporation and condensation within the prescribed scope (usually used in engineering 5 ℃ as decision criteria), the unit is W. thermal resistance R: when heat transfer size of Q, the actual measured the temperature difference between the evaporator and condenser Δ T, thermal resistance value is Δ T/Q, the unit is ℃ / W or K/W.
Starting temperature T0: The heat pipe is a process of evaporation and condensation. But the evaporation and condensation of fluid must occur under certain temperature and pressure conditions. Starting temperature T0 refers to the minimum temperature required for the formation of phase transformation heat cycle in the heat pipe or VC cavity.
There are many factors affecting the performance of heat pipe and VC, and the mechanism analysis needs to clarify the heat transfer process in the cavity. When the evaporation section of the heat pipe is heated, the liquid in the suction core inside the evaporation section evaporates, and the pressure here increases, and the vapor transfers to the condensing section under the action of pressure difference. When the gas is transferred to the condensate section, it is condensed into a liquid. The condensed liquid is transferred to the evaporation section through capillary force in the suction core, forming a cycle. As follows:
R1: resistencia a la transferencia de calor (convectiva) entre la fuente de calor y la pared exterior de la sección de evaporación
R2: resistencia de conducción de calor radial de la pared de la sección de evaporación.
R3: resistencia de conductividad térmica (radial) del núcleo de succión de la sección de evaporación
R4: resistencia térmica del intercambio de calor por evaporación en la superficie interna de la sección de evaporación
R5: resistencia térmica del flujo axial de vapor
R6: resistencia térmica del intercambiador de calor de condensación en la superficie interior de la sección de condensación
R7: resistencia a la conductividad térmica del núcleo de succión de la sección de condensación
R8: resistencia a la conductividad térmica de la pared del tubo de la sección de condensación
R9: Resistencia a la transferencia de calor (por convección) de la superficie de la pared exterior de la fuente de frío y la sección de condensación. R10: Resistencia térmica axial de la pared del tubo y del núcleo de succión.
